The purpose of this study is to explore the role of preschool children in designing their school grounds. It will implementthe concepts of an innovative participatory multi-method known as Mosaic Approach. The Mosaic approach uses a variety of methods including observation, child interviewing, children drawing, children photograph and map-making to generate documentation. This leads to a formulation of the ‘design concept’ which emerged from the documentation, including some surprising design ideas, for example active spaces, personal spaces, scales, colour schemes and materials. This paper summarizes the result obtained from a case study of a group of children under the auspices of the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Malaysia. Results showed that children are capable asa research participants by helping the teachers and landscape architects to understand the environment from their perspectives including what it means, what is important and futures liked and dislike. Their views cou.....

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In this paper, a system of equation for mixed Boundary Value Problem (BVP) on a square shape domain is proposed. We apply Boundary Element Method (BEM) to form a system of equations of two dimensional potential problem which satisfies Laplace equation. The mixed BVP will be reduced to Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) by using direct method which involve Green second identity representation formula. Boundary of the square shape domain is discretized into four linear boundary elements. Each of element is prescribed with specific BC value where Neumann BC is prescribed on one element of the boundary and Dirichlet BC on the other three elements of the boundary. Then, linear interpolation is used on the discretized element. However, there can be two values of Neumann BC at a corner node due to discontinuous outward normal. While, there is only one unknown value for Dirichlet BC at each node. Therefore, our first results for this considered domain yields to the underdetermined system.Hence, .....

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A new method for finding the largest eigenvalue of a generalised nonnegative polynomial was introduced in 2014 by Ibrahim. The method was proven to be convergent for weakly irreducible polynomials. In the method, an irreducible polynomial is shifted such that it becomes primitive. However, it is illlkno\Vll what is the optimal shift and the effect of the step length to the method. In this study we examine the effect of the step leugtli to tlie metliod...

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The chemically modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) paste electrode with chloroplatinum (II) complex for the determination of mercury is presented. The chloroplatinum(II) complex was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The capability of the electron transfer rate on the surface of modified electrode evaluated is by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) technique was employed to investigate the performance of chloroplatinum(II) complexMWCNTs paste electrode for determination of mercury. Several operational parameters such as the composition ratios of the electrode, type of supporting electrolyte, pH of the solution, and the SWSV parameters were thoroughly investig.....

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The construction of a potentiometric copper(II) ion electrode based on 2’-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene) toluenesulfonohydrazide (5BrSALMeBSH) as an ionophore has been developed.The designed electrode having a different composition of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), plasticizers and ionophore showed that sensor with membrane composition 5BrSALMeBSH: PVC: DOP in the ratio of 7:40:56 (w/w) gave the best response. It exhibited a wide linear response with a Nernstian slope of 29.34 mV per decade over the concentration range of 1.0 x 10-5 – 1.0 x 10-1 M Cu(II) ions. Under the optimized conditions, the electrode has a detection limit of 3.98 x 10-6 M and the working pH range of 3.0 - 6.0 with response time less than the 20s. The proposed electrode is stable for about two months and exhibits good selectivity for Cu(II) ions over Zn2+, Co2+ , Ni2+, Pb2+ ,Mg2+,Ba2+,Ca2+,Cd 2+,Ce3+,K+,Na+.Designation of this easy and inexpensive electrode was used to determine a copper ion in wastewater samples,.....

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The application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) paste electrode modified with chloropalladium(II) complex in the analysis of trace nickel is presented in this work. The chloropalladium(II) complex was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS), scanning electronmicroscope (SEM), and transmissionelectronmicroscope (TEM). Several operational parameters influencing the electroanalytical response of the modified electrode were optimized, such as the different composition of modifier, pH ofthe solution, accumulation potential, and accumulation time. At optimal condition a linear plot for nickel concentration between 10 nM to 1.0 M with a limit of detection 7.4 nM were obtained. The relative standard deviation for the 1.0 M of Ni(II) was 4.0% (n = 5). This study shows that with the exception of Co2+, excess co.....

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The cobalt-doped aluminophosphate molecular sieve, CoAPO-34 (with the chabazite-type topology) was prepared under ionothermal conditions using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMIMBr) ionic liquid in presence of 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA). The HDA is not incorporated in CoAPO-34, but is required to mediate the availability of Co2þ during the synthesis. The material was characterized using powder Xray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Wideline 31P NMR spectroscopy showed broad signals (~5000e10000 ppm wide), confirming that paramagnetic cobalt ions are successfully incorporated within the framework of the materials...

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Over the past two decades, the rapid growth of ICT has become one of the important agendas discussed by many scholars in education. Undoubtedly, this is due to the ability of ICT in providing effective teaching and learning. Along with today's digital era, a study done by Copriady (2015) indicated that teachers were required to integrate of ICT in their daily teaching and replace them with the tools of traditional methods and modern amenities. Looking at this issue, therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the use of ICT in teaching and learning among the preschool teachers in private preschools in Malaysia. A total of 60 preschool teachers from 10 private preschools in the district of Hulu Bernam, Selangor were randomly selected in this study. The findings indicated that the level of computer skills and knowledge of the preschool teachers is at low level (M = 1.92). The findings also indicated the level of ICT integration in teaching and learning preschool children is at.....

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Global positioning system (GPS) has undergone intensive development, starting as an advanced specialized tool to a general-purpose gadget used in our daily lives. GPS exists in new technologies, applications, and consumer products, especially in smartphones and tablets. In a GPS receiver design, power consumption and localization accuracy are critical factors that affect the outcome of a GPS receiver system. Theoretically, increasing the number of required tracking channels in a GPS baseband receiver increases the design complexity and size of this system. Thus, power consumption can significantly increase. The receiver should acquire and track numerous satellites to improve the location accuracy of a position, thereby indicating that the receiver requires a high number of tracking channels. Thus, optimizing these tracking channels to balance the conflict among performance parameters is a difficult and challenging task.This paper presents a technique for order performance by similarity.....

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The purpose of the study is to identify the students’ participation motive in outdoor recreation activities at private city campus University at Kuala Lumpur. Demand for outdoor recreation activities among Malaysians is rising but there has been lack of survey being conducted focusing on outdoor recreation for students from the private University especially from the City Campus students. The data was collected from 120 students who are studying at this City Campus. Subjects were randomly selected for the survey which consisted of the students from Faculty of Science and Faculty of Non Science. The questionnaire developed by Shazali & Hanim,(2012) was being used to study the motivation in outdoor recreation activity for Science and Non Science students at University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. The data was analyzed using the non-parametric measure by Mann Whitney U Test. Result indicated that the subject highly agreed that the main motivation for outdoor recreation participati.....

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