The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of Assessment Instrument for Special Needs Students (AISNS) based on invasion category games in Physical Education. The design of assessment instrument is based on the PDCA Cycle Model (plan, do, check, act). The process of gaining validity and reliability involves two cycles. The result showed the validity of assessment instrument is r = 0.91 (N = 5) while the reliability is r = 0.97 (N = 6). Based on the findings, AISNS is suitable to be used as a standardized learning assessment instrument to assess the level of Performance Standard for basic skills of invasion category games in Physical Education (Special Education) for Form 2. Keywords: Learning Assessment Instrument, School-Based Assessment, Physical Education, Special Education, Invasion Category Games, Validity, Reliability...

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The study investigates the effects of peer instruction and examines students’ participation in a flipped learning environment on ESL students’ argumentative essay writing performance and critical thinking. A mixed-method design was used. A total of 120 upper-intermediate English proficiency students from a university in Malaysia were chosen as participants for seven weeks. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Descriptive interpretations and thematic analysis were used to analyse the qualitative data. The results indicated a significant difference in mean scores for writing performance in the posttest between the experimental group (group work in a flipped learning environment) (M = 63.95, sd = 13.04) and the control group (M = 56.65, sd = 11.15). There is also a significant difference in mean scores for critical thinking in the posttest between the experimental group (pair work in a flipped learning enviro.....

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Theory of Social Constructivism is a theory that introduced by Vygotsky's emphasis on social interactions that give the impression of a positive impact on a person's mastery of language. Arabic is an additional language in school that studied by students in Malaysia. Through the Malaysian Education Development Plan (2013 – 2025), a revision to the curriculum has been implemented where the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum has been changed to the Standard Secondary School Curriculum. In this Standard Secondary School Curriculum, Higher Order Thinking Skill is an element that needs to be given direct emphasis. This reform is a big challenge for Arabic language teachers who have been emphasizing the teaching of language knowledge more than language skills themselves. Therefore, this theory of social constructivism can be seen to be applied to apply HOTS in the teaching of Arabic language teachers more effectively. Keywords: Theory of Social Constructivism, Arabic language Teacher.....

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Teachers regularly attend assessments on students to identify students’ levels of mastery. Achievement tests as a quality measurement tool are quintessential so that the conclusions obtained are reliable and significant. Therefore, high-quality achievement tests need to satisfy specific criteria by going through standard procedures. Nonetheless, time and competency constraints lead teachers to utilise economic test questions that do not reach specific standards. Therefore, this research intended to develop and test the validity and reliability of economic achievement tests. An economic achievement test instrument was developed, consisting of 30 objective questions based on Bloom’s taxonomy. The testing of the instrument involved 40 respondents of Form Six economics students. The researchers appointed five experts to evaluate the validity of the content of the achievement test questions. At the same time, the construct validity and instrument reliability test analysis involved item-.....

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This quantitative study has four objectives to be achieved. It includes identifying teacher’s total expenditure in online shopping, products purchased, online shopping platforms and also the factors that influence online shopping. A five-point Likert scale survey form was used as the research instrument. The sample of this study consists of 319 teachers in the state of Perak selected through snowball sampling. The findings of the study show that the majority of respondents spend online with a total expenditure not exceeding RM1,000 per year and make online purchases on daily necessities such as clothing and personal appearance accessories. Lazada, Shopee and Taobao have been identified as the most widely used online shopping platforms. All independent variables were found to be significantly positive contributing to online shopping. There are some suggestions highlighted at the end of the study. Keywords: Online Shopping, Expenditure, Teachers, E-commerce...

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This study aims to analyze food expenditure among the community in Perak. There are three objectives targeted in this study including: 1) identify the level of food expenditure, 2) identify the relationship between demographic factors with food expenditure and 3) analyze the factors influencing food expenditure. This quantitative study used a set of questionnaire as an instrument to obtain the necessary information. A total of 206 respondents were involved in this study through snowball sampling. All selected respondents were heads of families living in the state of Perak. Descriptive analysis showed that the mean food expenditure was RM1,301.89. In addition, the findings of the study also showed that there was significant relationship between age and education with food expenditure. The significance value was 0.05, multiple regression analysis showed that consciousness, personal and religious factors were significantly positive while social factors were significantly negative. Media w.....

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This study examines the determinants of public expenditure in the UAE between 1975 and 2020,using the Gregory-Hansen cointegration and ARDL bounds testing approaches. The results confirm that cointegrating (long-run) relationship exist between public expenditure and the selected macroeconomic variables (oil price, tax burden, fiscal deficit, outflow of money, FDI outflow and interest rate), with a structural break in 1989. In addition, the results reveal that public expenditure in the UAE is determined by oil price, tax burden, fiscal deficit, outflow of money, FDI outflow, and interest rate both in the shorthand long-run. Based on these outcomes, the diversification of UAE’s public revenue, reduction of fiscal deficit, the elimination of unofficial remittance channels, implementation of investor-friendly trade policies, and interest rate stabilization are recommended, while strict monitoring of tax collection and blockage of tax leakages are advanced...

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This study aims to examine the learners’ perception and experiences in engaging in writing lesson conducted via Google Classroom among the secondary school learners in Malaysia and China. This study is important for both the teachers and stakeholders to identify the suitable types of writing activities that can be used in a Google classroom platform to motivate the learners to be interested in writing and the ways to solve the problems faced by the learners when it involves writing lesson via e learning. This study focuses on five learners; three learners from Malaysia and two learners from China. This study employed a qualitative approach. The instruments were interview questions and guided logbook journals. The sessions were conducted via Google Meet and the recorded interviews were then transcribed. Hence, researchers used qualitative method to analyse the codes and categories to pen down the findings. As a result, both China and Malaysia learners expressed their affirmative agree.....

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The novel hematite (α-Fe2O3)/nickel oxide (NiO) heterostructures were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates at various deposited NiO of 3, 5, and 7 layers. The heterostructures were successfully synthesized using the immersion and sol–gel spin coating methods for α-Fe2O3 and NiO films, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that each sample of α-Fe2O3/NiO heterostructures has a unique surface morphology when deposited with different NiO layers. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the number of NiO layers affected the diffraction peaks. The NiO diffraction peak intensity at (111) plane increased when the deposition number of NiO layer was increased. The crystallite sizes of NiO were 35.4, 33.6, and 38.0 nm for 3-, 5-, and 7-layer NiO, respectively. The interplanar spacing, lattice parameter, and unit cell volume indicate NiO with 3-layer as the highest, while 5-and 7-layer had the same values. Meanwhile, the stra.....

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The study investigated the use of social-interaction strategies among fresh graduates in job interviews. Fifty candidates and twenty hiring managers participated in the study. The job interview data were analysed qualitatively using the ATLAS.ti data analysis software. It was found that successful candidates attempted five social interaction strategies, reserved candidates attempted two social interaction strategies and unsuccessful candidates did not attempt any of the social-interaction strategies. The findings further revealed that the use of social-interaction strategies by successful candidates enables them to understand and answer the interview questions with good proficiency, coherence, cohesion besides maintaining the flow. It is hoped that the findings of the present study would be helpful for fresh graduates and undergraduates to use social-interaction strategies to have a smooth interaction. These strategies also provide more confidence to respond as candidates are able to b.....

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