The study determined the toxicity and Centella asiatica extract?s efficiency as food preservative in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables (FCFV) during room temperature displayed (RTD; 22���1?) and chilled storage (CS; 4���0.5?). In toxic assessment, the LC50 extract was 597.72�mg/ml, indicating as nontoxic to consume. Listeria monocytogenes (6.40 log CFU/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (6.46 log CFU/ml), and Salmonella Typhimurium (6.92 log CFU/ml) were respectively inoculated in mango, pear, and cabbage. The survived population of bacteria varied from 4.87 to 6.87 log CFU/g (RTD-FCFV) and 3.46 to 4.92 log CFU/g (CS-FCFV). This indicates that the extract had no effects on pathogenic bacteria at all during RTD. Browning indexes in extract-treated pear (RTD: 7.15; CS: 16.20), mango (RTD: 9.40; CS: 16.39), and cabbage (RTD: 4.72; CS: 3.96) were recorded. In short, chilling and prolonged extract-contact periods could effectively retard browning of FCFV but less effective for bacteria .....

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This research focuses on the production and creation of educational materials for Arabic vocabulary learning using Augmented Reality Technology, namely ARabic-Kafa, which can support both teachers and students. The Marker Based Tracking tool is used in this Augmented Reality application. This method was employed because it can read objects and then display 3-dimensional (3D) virtual objects. The first step in resolving this issue is to create animations through the blender application, choose the image to be utilised as a Marker, and finally, export it to Vuforia to form an Augmented Reality app. The mobile app of Augmented Reality-based educational media is the product of this research. A series of testing were employed and a minimum distance for displaying a 3D object is 10 cm, and the minimum angle 30� to 90� to view 3D objects. The rotation marker's output effectively shows every aspect of the 3D object. Furthermore, the audio pronunciations can be played effortlessly. ? 2021 C.....

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Internal Visualization challenges concerning sub-microscopic particles in chemistry often result in some difficulties in learning the change of state of matter. Therefore, this study aims at developing an augmented reality ProCAR module that utilizes a project-based learning approach to facilitate learning changes of matter. This study employs ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) instructional design model. The quality of the module was evaluated by a group of 5 Chemistry teacher-educator experts of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to identify the suitability of the module. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) percentages were determined and the feedback was analyzed based on thematic analysis. The result shows that 100% of its learning objectives, Content, Usability, and Assessment and 75% of its performances were good and reliable all having IRR value 75% and above. Such revealed that AR Module is potentially effective for the teaching of phase change to Seconda.....

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the extended version of the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) via an online learning setting known as the Online Problem-Solving Inventory (OPSI) through the lens of Rasch Model analysis. To date, there is no extended version of the PSI for online settings even though many researchers have used it; thus, this study validated the OPSI taking into account evidence based on Rasch model analysis. Firstly, the OPSI employed content validation by three experts. The result of the percent agreement showed that the overall percent agreement of the OPSI is 95.05% which consists of six constructs: impulsive style, reflective style, problem-solving confidence, avoidance style, monitoring, and planfulness. Next, eight measurement properties of Rasch model analysis were employed with the OPSI among 49 undergraduate students in Malaysia. The results revealed that 19 respondents needed to be dropped according to Rasch model analysis. Next, retained 30 respondents con.....

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Along with the wave of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, shifts in the aspects of approach in teaching and the integration of learning technology should always be given careful research and planning. Therefore, this study aims to see the elements needed to integrate technology and delivery strategies to design and develop an online problem-based learning module for the Islamic Studies course (e-PBM PI-Poli) in a polytechnic. The design of this study is a quantitative study using the Fuzzy Delphi technique. A questionnaire instrument was used to collect research data. Seventeen experts in educational technology, problem-based learning, Islamic studies, and curriculum participated in the study. Data analysis results showed that the experts accepted all these elements through the expert consensus value above 75%, the threshold value (d) ? 0.2, and the fuzzy score (A) ? ? - cut value = 0.5. Therefore, it shows that these elements have gained expert consensus and are needed to design and d.....

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Research supervision is an academic activity that are planned and executed to enhance learning and maximize learning experience in the first-degree level of Institute of Teacher Education (ITE) Malaysia. The study aims to identify and rank the elements in Supervision Process construct for The Synergistic PsychoSocial Model (SyPSM) based on expert consensus. The expert consists of 15 experts from all ITEs, and possess variety of expertise in research supervision for first degree level. In addition, the chosen expert equipped with 10 years of experience in their respective fields. The study utilizes Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) technique to analyse the data. The findings indicate that all 13 elements in Supervision Practice construct were accepted. These elements were accepted since the threshold (d) value is less than 0.2, the Fuzzy A score is > 0.5 and percentage of expert group consensus is more than 75%. In conclusion, the research has successfully identified elements for supervision pr.....

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this research studies e-learning environments based on the Earth layers via Augmented Reality. It is a technology that can insert and provide input in the form of 3D virtual objects into a real-time environment. It can be applied in learning activities. In this research, authors offer to use it in geography subjects on the topic of layers and structures of the earth. Learning media on the topic of layers and structures of the earth in schools today is still conventional and difficult to present in-class learning. In addition, there is still a lack of technical knowledge to properly use digital technologies in lessons and this application is user-friendly. This study was conducted to determine the user's response regarding the learning media layer and structure of the earth-based Augmented Reality of secondary school students. Augmented Reality is a type of interactive technology that combines real and virtual objects to produce real 3D objects in life. The research was developed with t.....

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The present study focused on the antimicrobial assessments of Centella asiatica for different extracts (ethanol, methanol, water, and hexane) against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. Ethanol achieved the highest extraction yields, total phenolic, and flavonoids contents, followed by those achieved with methanol, water, and hexane. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity in agar disc diffusion assays. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 7.81 for C. albicans to 125 mg/mL for A. niger. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was ranged from 15.63 for S. aureus and S. Typhimurium to 62.50 mg/mL for E. coli O157: H7. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was ranged 7.81 for C. albicans and 250 mg/mL for A. niger. No MBC and MFC could be established for the methanolic and aqueous extract, and the hexane extract did not sh.....

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Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllanthaceae family) is a plant that is widely distributed in Asian countries, which is traditionally used as a medicinal plant to treat various ailments. Inspired by the uses of the plant, the aim of this study was to extract and isolate bioactive compounds from P. acidus as potential antimicrobials. The isolation and identification of phyllanthol (1) and meso-hydrobenzoin (2) from the dichloromethane bark extract of P. acidus are presented. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 is a known compound and compound 2 is the first report presented on the isolation and structural elucidation as a natural compound. The bark extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and half.....

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Manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films are successfully prepared on a nickel oxide seed-coated glass substrate by an immersion method. Various annealing temperatures between 300�C and 500�C are applied to the manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films to study their effect on the properties of nickel oxide, including humidity sensing performance. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet?visible (UV?vis) spectrophotometry, a two-probe current?voltage (I-V) measurement system and a humidity measurement system are used to characterise the heat-treated manganese-doped nickel oxide samples. The effect of annealing temperature can be clearly observed for the different surface morphologies and diffraction patterns. The samples exhibit average crystallite size increases of 0.63?10.13 nm with increasing annealing temperature. The dislocation density, interplanar spacing, lattice .....

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