The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between performance based pay management (i.e., communication and participation) and procedural justice. A survey methods were used to collect selfreport survey of employees in currier service company. The SmartPLS path model analysis revealed two main findings: first, communication was significantly correlated with procedural justice. Second, participation was significantly correlated with procedural justice. These findings demonstrate that the ability of managers to properly implement performance based pay management may invoke feelings of procedural justice among employees in the organization. This study provides three important implications: first, this study may serve great potential for understanding the effect of communication and, participation in strengthening perception of procedural justice among employees in the organization. Second, the survey questionnaire used in this study had satisfactorily met the standar.....

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The aims of this study are to explore the learning experiences of student teachers (STs) in learning to teach and to examine how inquiry strategies help STs in learning. 32 STs in TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) programme were selected as participants. A qualitative research design was utilized to analyse data from interview, observation and document analysis. Data were analysed using percentage, frequencies and analytical model by Powell et al. (2003). Inquiry-based learning (IBL) approach is chosen in this study due to the strong educational theoretical support and beneficial outcomes from research. The findings reveal strong influences of IBL in assisting STs in learning to teach especially in their pedagogical content knowledge courses. The results indicate that inquiry approach should be implemented in SLTE curriculum to produce reflective teachers and problem solvers...

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Achieving status of high income nation is the target of nation’s government. Malaysia aims to achieve the status of high income nation by year 2020. In order to achieve the goal, it is crucial to identify the determinants contributing to the effort. Economists suggest that the determinant factors of economic growth consists of internal factors and external factors. This study aims to analyze the internal and external; determinants of Malaysia income growth from year 1985 to 2015. ARDL estimation is applied for this purpose. Results indicate that internal factors that contribute significantly in the long run are employee with high education and fixed capital formation while the exogenous factor is export. Internal determinants in short run is fixed capital formation while exogenous determinant is foreign direct investment. Malaysia’s effort in achieving high income nations would be fruitfull given that the government give attention on both internal and external determinants...

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Clinical experience is crucial in developing student teachers’ conception about the teaching profession. They are required to make decisions in specific situations and context hence they need to draw on their beliefs, assumptions, knowledge and experience about teaching and learning. This study focuses on comparative analysis of Teacher Clinical Experience Guiding Principles in selected Teacher Training Institutions around the World. This study involves doing a critical and comparative analysis of selected models and programmes pertaining to guiding principles for teacher clinical experience in selected renowned teacher training institutions around the world. Various type of documents on teacher clinical experience guiding principles has been analyzed including academic programme handbooks, curriculums, academic papers, and others. Apart from that, semi-structured interviews as well as open question survey were administered in selected teacher training institutions. Based on the anal.....

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The real estate sector in Malaysia has witnessed rapid growth, especially in the residential and commercial segments. This study aims to determine the significant factors leading to the intention to either purchase or rent a house in Malaysia. Demographic factors, financial assessment and social attributes serve as independent variables for decision making concerning purchase or rental of a house. The Rational Choice Theory is applied in this study. Data collected via questionnaire to households’ in several shopping malls in Selangor. The findings reveal that educational qualification and households’ monthly income influence the intention to purchase or rent a house while marital status is not a significant determining factor. Respondents with higher educational qualification and higher household monthly income prefer to purchase a residential property rather than to rent. Financial assessment is a significant factor affecting the intention to purchase or rent a residential propert.....

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This study investigates the impact of internal corporate governance on the relation between disclosure quality and earnings management in the UK listed companies, in particular whether governance mechanisms have deterrent effect on earnings management similar to firms’ disclosure quality. Unlike prior literature, we measure a number of board and audit committee-related governance instruments, three disclosure quality proxies (i.e. Investor Relation Magazine Award, Forward-Looking Disclosure and Analyst Forecast Accuracy) and the Modified Jones Model to test the hypotheses of the study on a matched-pair sample data of Investor Relation Magazine Award winning and non-winning firms. Our findings in the OLS and sensitivity analyses using Heckman Procedure and 2SLS regressions consistently report a significant negative association between earnings management and disclosure quality for all proxies in restraining earnings management. In contrast, corporate governance variables are mostly in.....

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The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship of market penetration strategy, market development strategy and the competitive advantage (cost leadership) of manufacturing based SMEs in Nigeria. The study employed structured questionnaire survey involving 453 manufacturing based SMEs operating in Kaduna state, Kano state, and Sokoto state, the total of 277 valid questionnaires representing 61% response rate was used for the final analysis using PLS-SEM to test the hypotheses. The study finding shows that market penetration strategy has a significant positive impact on cost leadership. Similarly, the result found that market development strategy had a significant positive influence on cost leadership strategy of manufacturing based SMEs of Nigeria. The findings of this study will support owners-manager competency toward creating competitiveness, enhance market share, and sustain competitive advantage. Also, the framework will serve as a blue print for Government agencie.....

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Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng, an evergreen plant, is mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1]. It belongs to the Murraya genus of the Rutaceae family, which is widely grown in home gardens in Malaysia for its aromatic leaves and as one of the important ingredients in Indian cuisine. Previous phytochemical studies on M. koenigii revealed the presence of carbazole alkaloids [2–7] and coumarins [8]. Herein, we present data on the isolation and identification of three triterpenes and two phenolic compounds from the hexane crude extracts of the bark and leaves of M. koenigii collected from Pahang, Malaysia. The hexane crude extract of the bark (30.0 g) was chromatographed over silica gel 60F254 (70–230 mesh) and extensively subjected to silica gel 60F254 (230–400 mesh) column chromatography and preparative TLC on silica gel GF254, leading to the isolation of compounds 1–3, and 5. Meanwhile, compounds 1, 4, and 6 were isolated from the leaves hexane extract (20.0 g).....

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The process of the language acquisition of children is reflected in two aspects; language structure and pragmatic functions. Data from "The Longtime Tracing Oral Corpus of Typical Development Children" (one child; 2,367 sentences) are analyzed. This study examines the child’s sentence final particle (SFP) “ba”, in which we focused on the intention of this word and concluding with the core pragmatic meaning and divided the different levels of “ba”. In this way, we combined the different sentence types, the intentions of utterance, and the degrees of “undetermined intention” and researched on the pragmatic function of child’s SFP “ba” in order to obtain the pragmatic acquisition of “ba” at the specific development period (1;12-4;01). The acquisition and development of children's language is the result of a combination of biological factors, discourse input, and cognitive ability. Finally, the enlightenment of the research conclusions on early childhood education a.....

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Learning through picture books is a method which is widely used in preschools to teach mathematics. However, the research findings on the benefits of using picture books in learning mathematics remain inconclusive. This study aimed to i) investigate the effects of a picture book entitled “What are the numbers?” (a picture book made up flora and fauna in Borneo) on early mathematics achievement (reading and writing numerals up to 20) and ii) to get feedback on how appropriate the use of “what are the numbers” from teachers and parents. The book consists elements of critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creative thinking. The effects were measured by comparing the change in early mathematical ability of children in reading and writing numerals up to 20 by using the Rasch measurement model. The mean of the pre-test achievement was -1.99 logits and the mean of the post-test achievement was 1.75 logits which shows a difference of 3.74 logits. The effect size of the dif.....

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