The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion and Perspective (PETTLEP) and traditional imagery interventions on netball players shooting accuracy. In this study, 48 netball players from Larut Matang and Selama district in Perak were invited to participate. They were tested on imagery ability and divided into three interventions groups consisting, the PETTLEP audio imagery, the PETTLEP audio video imagery and the traditional written imagery script. The participants in the PETTLEP audio and audio video interventions imagery employed the interventions at the netball court. Conversely, the participants in the traditional written imagery scrip group employed the interventions at their own houses. All participants conducted their imagery training based on the imagery training schedule that was provided to them. The imagery training duration was around 30 minutes and scheduled for three times per week for four weeks. The pr.....

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Balanced between good diet and regular physical activity is among the important factors in avoiding unhealthy weight gain. Our objective in this study was to investigate the amount of calorie loss against a variety of running exercises. In this study, an experiment on running as a calorie burning physical activities was conducted. Two factors were selected, the distance, and the level of difficulties. The result and statistical analysis concluded that both factors play significant roles in burning calories, with distance as being the most significant factor. The findings also suggest that other than increasing the distance, choosing a hilly terrain when training can give more efficient calories burn. There is no interaction between distance and the level of difficulties. Individuals should plan their workout accordingly only after knowing how many calories they burned through each activity. For individual with aims to burn more calories, an increase in distance and a hilly terrain is m.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perkaitan antara corak orientasi matlamat dan keagresifan terhadap pemain bola baling bawah 18 tahun, Negeri Sembilan. Rekabentuk kajian adalah kaedah tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionaire (TEOSQ) dan The Judgement About Moral Behavior in Youth Sport Questionaire (JAMBYSQ). Responden kajian adalah atlet bola baling bawah 18 tahun yang mewakili 8 buah daerah di Negeri Sembilan (n = 192, 96 lelaki dan 96 perempuan). Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif (peratus, kekerapan, min dan sisihan piawai) dan statistik inferensi (ujian-t) dan korelasi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan corak orientasi tugasan atlet bola baling perempuan adalah lebih tinggi berbanding atlet lelaki bagi kedua-dua orientasi tugasan dan ego. Hasil dapatan ujian-t menunjukkan atlet bola baling perempuan mempunyai tahap kebimbangan kognitif dan somatik yang lebih tinggi berbanding atlet lelaki. Namun dari aspek tahap keagresifan p.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti tahap kemahiran mental dalam kalangan atlet pelajar sekolah. Kajian dilakukan secara tinjauan terhadap 24 pemain boling ten-pin yang mewakili negeri Perak dalam kejohanan Majlis Sukan Sekolah Malaysia 2018. Soal selidik Sport Personality Questionnaire (SPQ20) digunakan bagi mengukur 20 dimensi kemahiran mental yang terdiri daripada empat domain utama iaitu pencapaian dan persaingan, keyakinan dan resilien, interaksi dan semangat kesukanan, serta kuasa dan keagresifan. SPQ20 juga menentukan kecenderungan atlet terhadap matrik kemahiran mental dan potensi kepimpinan. Analisis deskriptif adalah berdasarkan pendekatan sistem RAG (Red, Amber, Green) Traffic Light. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keseluruhan domain kemahiran mental berada pada tahap kuning (sederhana). Berdasarkan matrik kemahiran mental, paling ramai atlet berada dalam golongan confident achiever (54.2%). Berdasarkan matrik potensi kepimpinan pula, paling ramai atlet berada dalam golongan demo.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penerapan kemahiran insaniah menerusi sukan petanque dalam kalangan pemain di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA) dan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Swasta (IPTS). Secara khususnya, kajian ini mempunyai dua objektif iaitu: (i) mengenal pasti tahap tujuh kemahiran insaniah menerusi sukan petanque dalam kalangan pemain di IPTA dan IPTS; dan (ii) mengenal pasti hubungan antara bilangan tahun bermain petanque dengan tahap kemahiran insaniah; Seramai 224 responden iaitu pemain yang menyertai Kejohanan Petanque Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi (IPT) 2017 terlibat dalam kajian ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kemahiran insaniah berada pada tahap yang tinggi, masing-masing terdiri daripada kemahiran berkomunikasi (M = 2.85, SP = .36); pemikiran kritis dan kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah (M = 2.87, SP = .34); kemahiran kerja berpasukan (M = 2.89, SP = .31); pembelajaran berterusan dan pengurusan maklumat (M = 2.87, SP = .34); kemahiran keusa.....

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This study examined the moderating effect of local and foreign coaches in the relationship between coaches leadership styles and athletes satisfaction in a case of high performance athletes in Malaysia (N = 350) under the organization of Majlis Sukan Negara. Five domains of leadership style showed positive correlation with athletes’ satisfaction (p < .05); Training and instruction, r = 0.623, Democratic, r = 0.500, Autocratic, r = 0.126, Social support, r = 0.540 and Positive feedback, r = 0.490.There is a significant different of autocratic leadership style and gender (p < .05) Female perceived coaches’ autocratic leadership style greater than male. However, in athletes satisfaction, there is no significant different between gender (p > .05). In comparing age groups, there is a significant different in training and instruction leadership style and athletes; satisfaction (p < .05). Age group of 24 – 26 years old perceived training and instruction and athletes’ satisfaction grea.....

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge and awareness of dietary supplements among athletes in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Athletes (n=95, age: 22.5±2.4) completed a questionnaire on Google Docs regarding their habits and perceptions of dietary supplement intake. Among all respondents, 37 out of 95 (39%) took dietary supplements with the primary reason to improve energy (66%), strength (60%) or performance (59%). Athletes who did not take any supplement (58 out of 95; 61%) reported high supplement’s cost as their main reason (28%). The most chosen supplements are protein (43%), mass and strength gainer (19%), vitamin C (11%), energy booster, omega 3, and multivitamin (8% each), creatine, fat burner, vitamin B complex and BCAA (5%, each). The athletes believed that supplements are associated with health risk (75%), supplements can enhance performance (86%) and exercise increase the need for supplements (74%). They also believed that supplements can le.....

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Pada masa kini masalah berlebihan berat badan adalah antara faktor utama masalah kesihatan di Malaysia. Pelbagai kaedah penurunan berat badan telah dicadangkan untuk mendapatkan kesan penurunan yang optimum. Beberapa penemuan terkini menunjukkan senaman tunggal secara pecutan (sprint) dapat dicadangkan sebagai kaedah senaman alternatif yang lebih cekap dari segi penjimatan masa untuk mengurangkan berat badan. Kaedah sprint interval training (SIT) dengan tempoh yang singkat iaitu 2 minggu telah menunjukkan potensi untuk menurunkan berat badan dalam kalangan individu obesiti. Dalam kajian ini, kesan latihan SIT dinilai ke atas indeks jisim tubuh (IJT), ukuran lilit pinggang (ULP), peratusan lemak badan, kadar nadi dan tekanan darah dalam kalangan individu berlebihan berat badan. Subjek kajian ini adalah pelajar Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (n=10, umur 23.8±0.42) yang mempunyai berat badan berlebihan iaitu dengan purata IJT di antara 25.0 hingga 29.9 (lelaki 29.9±3.75 dan perempua.....

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is more prone on female athletes compared to male athletes in non-contact mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of four weeks neuromuscular training which closely associated with the dynamic balance and agility performance for preventing ACL injury among female athletes. There were sixteen female athletes from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) who are volleyball, basketball and futsal players participated in this study. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups; control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The EG experienced four weeks of neuromuscular training while the CG performing their regular training. The pre-test and post-test were measured using Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for dynamic balance and T-Test for agility. Statistical data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the results demonstrated significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for dynamic balance and agility between EG .....

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Resistance training (RT) refers to a method of physical conditioning of complex programming which consists of progressive and various training techniques to achieve the desired training goals. An appropriate programme design is the key to success; where exercise selection is one of the critical factors. The selection of exercise will expose different stimulation as in the application of the specific adaptation on imposed demand principle. The option of choosing either bilateral (BI) or unilateral (UNI) exercise is an important decision to perform in the construction of any strength or RT programme. This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of unilateral versus bilateral acute RT on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sixteen (n = 16) trained women with mean age of 23.31 (SD = 1.35) years old went through a total body exercise session for each unilateral and bilateral protocols which both consisted of major muscles group for 80% 1.....

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