Devaradiyar system was a practise which was followed during the mediaeval period of Tamil Nadu. They were the women whom dedicated their life for Siva and Vaishnava temples. Number of devaradiyars were served in the temples which was exposed by the inscriptions. They were skilled in art such like Dance, Music and Drama and developed it for centuries. Some women married and some other unmarried and they followed the practise “Pottu Kattuthal”. The Tamil kings honoured them by giving the title of “Thalaikkoli”. Devaradiyars gave huge donations to the temples and served for welfare of the society. They also availed more privileges at that time. But course of time due to various problems and downfalls they lost their honour and struggled for their livelihood. In course of time they were called as “Devadasis” and “Dasis”. Raise and fall of Devaradiyar system has been considered as notable event in the social history of the Tamils.  ..

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Kajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan fungsi dan motif cerita dalam teks Syair Bongsu Pinang Peribut dan Puteri Susu Ganda (SBPPPSG) dengan teks Cherita Bongsu Pinang Peribut (CBPP). Kajian  turut menganalisis fungsi dan motif cerita dalam teks SBPPPSG sebagai dokumen sosiobudaya  berdasarkan kerangka gabungan Teori Morfologi V. Propp dan Pendekatan Sosiologi Sastera Rene Wellek  dan Austin Warren. Selain itu, kajian dilakukan untuk menghuraikan nilai berbentuk amanat melalui  fungsi dan motif cerita berdasarkan teks dan konteks. Penyelidikan ini menggabungkan Teori  Morfologi V. Propp dan Pendekatan Sosiologi Sastera Rene Wellek dan Austin Warren, iaitu Sosiologi  Karya Sastera. Kaedah kualitatif digunakan untuk meneliti analisis kandungan teks yang terdapat  dalam genre lipur lara ini. Data-data dalam kajian ini terdiri daripada data primer, iaitu teks  SBPPPSG dan CBPP; dan data sekunder yang diperoleh daripada pelbagai sumber ilmiah bagi memperkukuh  dapatan kajian. M.....

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This Paper entitled ‘Derailed Test Items: An Analysis of Test Items’ deals about the test items provided in Tamil textbooks (Standards III to X) followed in Tami Nadu schools at Secondary level. Test items related to coalescence (In Tamil it is termed as Punarssi) of words are only addressed. It tries to answer three questions related to teaching of Tamil. They are 1) Whether the test items are developing language skill? 2) What are the learning objectives of the test items related to coalescence? and 3) Whether the items are properly designed? Citing reference from traditional Tamil grammar work Nanool the unsuitability of terminologies used in the test items of the textbooks is pointed out.  Further this Paper examines the aptness of the above said test items in developing the language skill of the learner suggesting suitable test items in MCQ format. Finally, it recommends to adopt literature as corpus for generating test items to develop fluent reading of poetical works.  ..

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Language is not only a communication tool for humans, but it also plays an important role to improve humans’ thinking skills. Literature components in languages help humans to cultivate emotional and intellectual intelligence. Most readers are inclined towards emotional intelligence (aesthetic values) rather than the intellectualvelements exposed in the literature. Thus, this study presents the intellectual poetic structure in Thirukkural. The data were analyzed qualitatively based on document analysis. The analysis was carried out based on the poetic cognitive theory which was proposed by Tsur Rven (2002). First, the researcher has identified the elements of poetic cognitive in Thirukkural then those elements were analysed. Findings show that Thirukkural is one of the Tamil literature which stimulates thinking skills namely creative and critical thinking skills. These thinking skills were revealed by the figurative language used in the Thirukkural.  ..

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Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji pendidikan dan kerjaya guru perempuan Sekolah Melayu di Johor bermula pada tahun 1914 hingga tahun 1957. Kesan daripada kurangnya pendedahan pendidikan kepada anak-anak perempuan berbanding anak-anak lelaki, tidak ramai dalam kalangan anak perempuan ini yang menjadi golongan cerdik pandai dan layak menjadi tenaga pengajar di sekolah-sekolah Melayu. Ini menyebabkan bidang perguruan lebih dimonopoli oleh golongan lelaki. Wujud jurang yang begitu ketara antara guru lelaki dan guru perempuan. Jurang ini tidak terhad kepada bilangan guru sahaja, namun juga melibatkan perbezaan gaji, pemberian elaun, kenaikan pangkat serta pembiayaan peribadi. Kajian ini adalah olahan dan nilaian hasil daripada rujukan sumber dokumen primer dan sekunder dari Arkib Negara Malaysia dan Perpustakaan Tunku Bainun Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Semua data yang diperoleh hasil analisis terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder ditulis laporan dalam bentuk deskriptif naratif......

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Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan model regresi ordinal teori respons item (TRI) teguh dalam meramal prestasi gred peperiksaan akhir pelajar. Kaedah pembangunan model adalah berasaskan model regresi ordinal iaitu model ganjil kumulatif (MGK) dan analisis literatur bersistematik. MGK diubah suai dengan menerapkan TRI dan kaedah teguh penganggar-M (pemberat Huber dan Tukey Bisquare). Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 326 orang pelajar dari salah sebuah universiti awam di Malaysia yang mendaftar kursus berkaitan STEM. Sementara enam orang pakar dalam bidang statistik terlibat bagi mengesahkan kualiti sampel item soalan yang digunakan. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, indeks tahap persetujuan Cohen Kappa, analisis faktor, analisis pengukuran Rasch, plot diagnostik dan penyuaian model. Model yang dibangunkan diuji kebagusannya terhadap data sebenar dan simulasi. Simulasi Monte Carlo dijalankan berdasarkan faktor simulasi iaitu saiz sampel, kombinasi tahap kes.....

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This study aims to explain the use of comics as an attractive teaching tool in learning Tamil grammar. Comics are visual art forms to express narratives or other ideas through images usually combined with text. Comics are fun, interesting and foster positive motivation among students. Comics create an enjoyable way to teach Tamil grammar. Furthermore, using comics in teaching and learning Tamil grammar promotes the use of higher-order thinking skills. This study also describes the steps for the use of comics as a teaching tool by the teachers in the classroom. It is expected that the study will encourage teachers to use comics in the teaching and learning Tamil grammar.  ..

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Akahige, this Japanese film directed by Akira Kurosawa, released on 1965. This film based on Medical field. This film revealed the universal truth that Politics is the main reason for poverty. Akahige film’s Subtitles translation in to Tamil will help the Tamil People to understand this film. The author of this article translated Akahige (Red beard) film’s subtitle from English into Tamil with the financial support of Tamilnadu Government for a project. This research based on critical analysis of Akahige and its translation.  ..

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This study aimed to investigate the use of creative drama as intervention to enhance social and communication skills of learners with autism. Objectives of the study were to identify  the social and communication skills of learners with autism, develop a creative drama module,  determine the effectiveness of the activities in the module and identify the changes in the skills  of learners with Autism spectrum Disorder (ASD) as they undergo the activities. The case study was  conducted at Jose Fabella Memorial School (JFMS), Mandaluyong City, Philippines. Purposive sampling  was used involving six learners with ASD whose age ranged from 8 to 11 years old. Samples also  involved six parents and six teachers. Data were collected through interviews, observations,  checklists and field notes. Inter-rater checklist results were taken from the six teachers’ and the  researcher’s responses. Data were analyzed using thematic and narrative analysis. The themes that  emerged.....

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Commentators of Tamil literatures and grammars have got important places. The commentaries have been given equal status like that of the original books. In the same way, the editors of the original sources and commentaries too have their important places in the history of Tamil literature. The forerunners in this field are Arumuga Navalarand C.W.Thamotharam Pillai of Yaazhppaanam (Jaffna). Both of them had performed journeys with different purposes for the development of Tamil. While Arumuga Navalar considered Saivam and Tamil as both of his eyes and served, C.W.Thamodaram Pillai worked in different capacities in Tamil Nadu, collected palm manuscripts and edited them for the first time. Thus, their services have brought out many Tamil literatures out from destruction. Their service for the development of Tamil cannot be forgotten.  ..

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