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This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lala clam shell as an adsorbent for the remediation of water contaminated by metal ions and dyes. Three main studies, namely adsorption, desorption and characterisation, have been conducted. In this study, Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Congo red (CR), Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB) and Methyl orange (MO) were used as contaminants. A systematic evaluation for adsorption process involving several experimental parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage and initial adsorbate concentration was performed. The applicability of lala clam shell to remove metal ions and dyes from aqueous solution was assessed in both single- and mixsystem. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as desorption agents in desorption study. The characterisation study was carried out using Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectrometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Sp.....

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This study aims to evaluate potential of gelatin-chitosan (Gel-Cs) and gelatincarboxymethyl cellulose (Gel-CMC) films to preserve perishable food products. Three main studies, namely synthesis, characterisation and preservation have been conducted. Biopolymer films were prepared by using solvent casting method with three volume per volume (Gelatin:Additive) ratios, namely 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. In this study, chitosan\ and CMC were used as additives in gelatin-based film forming solutions. The characterisation study was carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometer, Universal Testing Machine, Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The antimicrobial tests were conducted by using two common food pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative). The preservation study was performed for 12 days in order to evaluate effectiveness of gelatin-add.....

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This aims to prepare multiwall carbon nanotubes / polymer nanocomposite stabilized by 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (BMIM)-surfactant. Dispersibility of MWCNTs in cellulose and natural rubber latex polymer matrix was studied and prepared via latex technology approaches by addition of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (BMIM)- surfactant. The ability of BMIM-surfactants for dispersing MWCNTs in polymer was characterized using a range of techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). And for-point probe measurements. Research finding showed that MWCNTs were more efficiently dispersed in cellulose utilizing 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium- dodecyl benzene sulfonate (BMIM-DBS) than commercially available surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). In conclusion, surfactant counterion gives an importance effect to improve the dispersibility of MWCNTs in cellulose. In implication, the results wi.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti kesan teknik eksplorasi Internet berasaskan pendekatan konstruktivisme terhadap penulisan karangan fakta murid tingkatan empat. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk campuran, iaitu kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mencapai lima objektif khusus. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuasi-eksperimen dan analisis karangan. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 73 orang murid tingkatan empat di salah sebuah sekolah di dalam Daerah Hilir Perak, Teluk Intan. Murid bagi kumpulan kawalan ialah 35 orang, manakala murid kumpulan rawatan ialah 38 orang. Dua orang guru juga dipilih sebagai sampel untuk penilaian pencapaian karangan. Huraian data bagi kajian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi. Huraian data deskriptif bagi reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif adalah dengan menggunakan min dan sisihan piawai. Bagi reka bentuk kuantitatif juga, huraian data inferensi adalah dengan menggunakan Ujian-t Sampel Tidak Bersandar. Ujian Cohen's Kappa pula untuk menganalisis p.....

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