Over decades, there are numerous training programs with the intervention of adventure-based programs have been implemented. The nature of adventure-based programs is also often associated with the development of psychological aspects including mental toughness. However, the fact is the term of mental toughness is more focused in the perspective of sports. Since it was first introduced in the 80's, various models and measuring instruments have been developed and are clearly more focused on the sports perspective. The issues arises when the sport-based mental toughness model is applied in adventure-based programs. Work on this matter, Adventure-based Mental Toughness Model (AbMTM) was developed with the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM was well known in development studies because of the effectiveness of its statistical analysis to determine the value or validity of the measured focus. It turned out to be very influential and applied in various fields of study. A to.....

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Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap penggunaan media sosial sebagai medium pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam, jenis aplikasi media sosial yang paling diminati, dan cabaran penggunaannya. Pendekatan kuantitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian tinjauan telah dipilih untuk melaksanakan kajian ini. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan adalah borang soal selidik yang dibina hasil adaptasi dan melalui proses kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan. Seterusnya, pengkaji telah mengedar borang soal selidik kepada 346 orang murid menengah atas yang beragama Islam di Daerah Kinta Utara dengan menggunakan kaedah pensampelan kelompok. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil analisis deskriptif ditunjukkan dalam bentuk frekuensi, peratusan, mod, min, dan sisihan piawai. Manakala analisis inferensi diperolehi melalui Ujian-t dan Ujian korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian melalui analisis deskriptif mendapati bahawa tahap penggunaan media sosial da.....

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Background: Despite the increasing number of research claiming that resistance training (RT) has an influence on insulin sensitivity, there is still lack of systematic review conducted to determine the degree of evidence. Objective: Therefore, the primary objective of this review was to study the effect of resistance training on insulin sensitivity by examining the available literatures. Methods: A search of all published studies that examined the effect of resistance training on insulin sensitivity were examined using PubMed and Science Direct databases. Specifically, the keywords used were ‘resistance training, strength training, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance’. During the retrieval process, all articles were rigorously reviewed with exclusion on those that did not fulfill the criteria. Result: Initially, 650 articles were screened and checked for duplication, and 252 articles were retained. The 252 articles were then thoroughly examined through full-text reading. As a r.....

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Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menentukan kesan program Pendidikan Luar terhadap sikap alam sekitar dalam kalangan murid-murid sekolah menengah daerah Sabak Bernam. Kajian ini merupakan kajian berbentuk kuantitatif yang menggunakan rekabentuk kuasi-eksperimental pra dan pasca ujian. Populasi kajian adalah terdiri daripada pelajar-pelajar daripada 17 buah sekolah menengah daerah Sabak Bernam. Seramai 160 pelajar dipilih secara rawak sistematik dan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan rawatan seramai 80 pelajar mengikuti program Perkhemahan Pendidikan Luar Model UPSI (PPLU) dan kumpulan kawalan seramai 80 pelajar mengikuti program Perkhemahan Perdana Unit Beruniform (PPUB). Instrumen utama kajian ini adalah soal selidik Enviromental Attitudes Knowledge & Scale (EAKS) yang mempunyai 36 item soalan sikap terhadap alam sekitar. Dapatan kajian yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan beberapa analisis kajian iaitu peratusan, ujian t tidak bersandar dan ujian t berpasangan. Analisis.....

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Despite its reputation and global acceptance, MOOC is confronted with some points of criticism regarding the shortcomings of its content, such as scarcity of clarity, unstructured, poor design, and issue of student retention. This study aims to understand the readiness for Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in sports-related studies in Malaysia as sports education is distinctive and is essential to enhance the sustainability of national health development, apart from being the heart of the sports industry. The Scopus database has been chosen as a primary data source, and VOSViewer software has been employed for the bibliometric analysis method to quantitatively and visually evaluate the data. A decade of data from 2011 to 2021 has been analysed. The distribution of authorship, countries' co-authorship and keywords were generated in the form of a network map. Results show that the publications related to MOOC and online learning has increased 100 percent over the last ten years compared .....

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This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of volleyball skills instrument. The study was conducted on a team from Serambi Mekkah University in Acheh. A total 40 male students aged between 18 -25 years old were involved in this study and has been categorized into two group of expert (n=20) and novice (n=20) athlete. Statistical analysis independent sample T-test was used for data analysis to compared movement and outcome score between expert and novice athlete on serve, dig, set, block, and spike skill. Result of the study found that, expert athlete were significantly (p..

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Kajian eksperimen ini bertujuan mengkaji Kesan Bimbingan Kelompok Teori Pilihan Terapi Realiti (BKTPTR) terhadap tiga aspek psikologi murid iaitu Kepuasan dan Kekecewaan Keperluan Psikologi Asas (KKKAP), Ketakutan Menghadapi Kegagalan (KMK) dan Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran (KMC). Keberkesanan intervensi BKTPTR diukur daripada aspek pengurangan kekecewaan keperluan psikologi asas, peningkatan kepuasan keperluan psikologi asas, ketakutan menghadapi kegagalan dan kecerdasan menghadapi cabaran bagi kumpulan rawatan. Reka bentuk kajian menggunakan kuasi eksperimen praujian dan pascaujian. Kajian dijalankan terhadap murid tingkatan dua dan empat sebuah sekolah di daerah Kuantan. Soal selidik yang digunakan mengandungi maklumat peribadi dan tiga soal selidik kajian iaitu Skala Kepuasan dan Kekecewaan Keperluan Psikologi Asas, Inventori Penilaian Kegagalan Prestasi dan Instrumen Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran. Seramai 120 subjek dipilih memasuki dua kelompok iaitu kelompok kawalan dan dua kelo.....

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Many investigations have explored the benefits of outdoor education, with numerous researchers finding positive benefits for participants. The literatures suggest positive results in team performance in such training in outdoor program, but with inconclusive finding of quantitative and qualitative data gathered. This paper focuses on the qualitative methods used to examine the effect of outdoor education camp on group cohesion based on previous experience of the three categories of participants. The qualitative nature of this study reveals insights into effect of outdoor education through its focus on emerging themes and patterns that developed over time. Methods used was structured interviews with ex-outdoor education student (n=2), service provider in outdoor education (n=2) and private sector (n=2). Six interviews were conducted and results found that six components which cohesion, natural environment, activity, style of the program, personal and social development, and escapism hav.....

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Aerobic fitness level is one of the important components to maintain and improve athletes' performance. Movement Control Order (MCO) is hypothesized to affect athletes in terms of sustaining their aerobic fitness level. The purpose of this present study was to identify the aerobic fitness level among university athletes during the MCO. Fifty university athletes (age: 19 – 26 years old) from Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) had participated in this study. The athletes completed a CLINIMEX aerobic fitness questionnaire through Google Form to estimate their aerobic fitness level. As the result, the minimum and maximum values of aerobic fitness obtained from the 50 university athletes were 9 and 16 METs. The aerobic fitness level among university athletes overall was 10.89 ± 1.83 METs. The aerobic fitness level among university athletes for males was 11.01 ± 1.89 METs while for females 10.41 ± 1.56 METs. It has been identified that aerobic fitness level among university athlet.....

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This study aims to determine patients’ adherence level to the exercises prescribed at home, understand factors that influence the laxity of adherence to the prescribed exercises, and identify the solution to improve patients’ motivation and participation. A self-reporting survey was conducted on 100 volunteers (mean age: 26.26±5.42 years old) who currently receive physiotherapy management. This questionnaire was distributed through Google Form and consisted of general information, rehabilitation habits, and motivation. The response rate of the survey is 70%. From this survey study, 96% of participants were partially and totally not adhering to the prescribed exercises at home. Most participants are unable to recall the prescribed exercises, having lack of time and forget to do exercises are among the reasons for non-adherence. The participants’ adherence to exercises at home was relatively low. The findings showed the most responses to the factors that influence the laxity of ad.....

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