The different peak discharge value estimated in the rational method (RM) model is caused by the various methods used to determine the runoff coefficient (C) parameter. The C value can be defined as the total amount of rainfall generated to become the runoff. Various studies have been conducted to produce C values that differ from one to another. For example, the C values suggested by the Manual of Storm Water Management (MSMA) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) differed. To estimate C values, land use classification is confusing, unorganized, and not uniform, and therefore, the application of suggested C value is still doubtful to be applied in Malaysia. Thus, this research focused on estimating the C value based on the land use classification for urban areas in Penang using a rainfall simulator. The runoff coefficient will be generated from various surface types at a plot scale representing urban land use. The result obtained shows that the C values were 0.79?0.89 (asp.....

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Introduction: Doping is an invisible cheating act in a match; therefore, it is necessary to provide an anti-doping understanding to overcome doping behavior in a competition. The research purpose was to produce a product in the Rumi Doping application as a medium for anti-doping understanding in Indonesian NPC athletes. Methods: This research used R&D with the Agile Sprint planning model, which consists of (1) planning (planning for the preparation of software components); (2) developing (start software development); (3) testing (software testing); (4) delivering (present the software product); and (5) assessing (assess and provide feedback on the products that have been made). Data were collected by observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The testing stage used experts? product validation, and the assessment stage used product users (Indonesian National Paralympic Committee athletes). Aiken V Coefficient for validity testing and descriptive percentages to measure user ratings in .....

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The information on changes in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of lake in response to variations of different nutrients loading is critical for the selection of an appropriate lake management strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of internal and external nutrients loading in controlling in-lake nutrient concentrations in a shallow lake system. This study was conducted in Slim River Lake for 12 months to quantify internal, external total phosphorus and total nitrogen loading, and in-lake total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen in storm water and grab water samples were quantified using ascorbic acid and hydrazine reduction method. Study results indicated that internal total phosphorus and total nitrogen loading fluctuated from 150.17 kg to 7,538.33 kg and 2.72 kg to 42.23 kg, respectively, thus suggesting the significant sediment phosphorus and nitrogen released into the water column. Mobilization of nutrie.....

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Ordinal regression is used to model the ordinal response variable as functions of several explanatory variables. The most commonly used model for ordinal regression is the proportional odds model (POM). The classical technique for estimating the unknown parameters of this model is the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. However, this method is not suitable for solving problems with extreme observations. A robust regression method is needed to handle the problem of extreme points in the data. This study proposes Huber M-estimator as a robust method to estimate the parameters of the POM with a logistic link function and polytomous explanatory variables. This study assesses ML estimator performance and the robust method proposed through an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study conducted using statistical software, R. Measurement for comparisons are bias, RMSE, and Lipsitzs? goodness of fit test. Various sample sizes, percentages of contamination, and residual standard deviations are consi.....

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The genus Goniothalamus is belonging to the Annonaceae family, consists of ca. 2500 species and found in tropical Southeast Asia. The Goniothalamus essential oils were recognized to possess considerable biological activities with varied chemical composition. This article aims to overview the medicinal uses, chemical compositions, and biological activities of Malaysian Goniothalamus essential oils considered as a medicinal plants, widely used as traditional herbal medicines in the treatment of various diseases. The data were collected from the scientific electronic databases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed and Google Scholar. Ten Goniothalamus species have been reported for their essential oils and biological activities. It can be observed that the major components were ?-cadinol, terpinen-4-ol, ?-eudesmol, ?-selinene, linalool, limonene, ?-copaene, 1,8-cineole and ?-cubebene. In addition, the selected chemical components from the bark, leaf and root oils were analysed usi.....

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Introduction: The importance of a statistical analysis approach in biomechanics is because researchers need an objective and accurate method to analyze and draw conclusions. The research purpose was reviewed the use of statistics in biomechanics research on football kick. Material and methods: The research was used qualitative methods and based on documentary analysis methodology with sample of 37 journals. Each journal was analyzed and then compared with a descriptive percentage. Result: The reviews results shown that 27 journals (73%) used mean and SD analysis, 3 journals (8%) used 95% of confidence interval analysis, 1 journal (3%) used narrative analysis, 7 journals (19%) used paired t-test analysis, 5 journals (14%) used the analysis unpaired t-test, 16 journals (43%) used the ANOVA analysis, 4 journals (11%) used regression analysis, 1 journals (3%) used Kendall Tau?s correlation analysis, 1 journals (3 %) used Mann Whitney analysis, and 1 journal (3%) used Friedman & Wilcoxon an.....

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The theory of resilience has been studied in numerous disciplines as interdisciplinary research. It involved different fields of studies such as psychology, psychopathology, human development, and environmental hazard. Nevertheless, further research on the extension theory of resilience is needed in the field of the built environment. The study aims to explore the position of resilience in the built environment, specifically in urban agriculture practices. The objectives are (i) to explain the meaning of resilience, (ii) to describe the evolution of resilience concerning the built environment, and (iii) to determine the construct of resilience in urban agriculture practices. This study employs qualitative research through a scoping review and systematic literature review by three phases encompasses identification, screening, and eligibility of secondary sources. A new definition and comprehensive explanation of the evolution of resilience are proposed subject to the built environment. .....

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the significant factors that affect the acceptance of retail customers toward Quick Response (QR) code payment system in Malaysia. Cross sectional study was conducted by using convenient sampling which data collected through online survey. The result showed there was significant positive fair correlation between ease of use and acceptance of QR code payment (p value < 0.001, r = 0.796), significant positive fair correlation between social influence and acceptance of QR code payment (p value < 0.001, r = 0.686) and significant positive fair correlation between security and acceptance of QR code payment (p value < 0.001, r = 0.753). The findings provide useful insight into how the retailers should implement QR code payment system efficiently as it will enhance their customer service as most of the retail customers? opted QR code payment system due to its convenience in terms of ease of use. ? 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer.....

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There are many types of controllers had been used to control Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) such as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), state feedback linearization, integrator backstepping, and Sliding-Mode Control (SMC). However, for PID and SMC in particular, it is difficult to determine the optimal control design parameters. The objective of this study is to design and develop a responsive motion control system with optimal parameters for an AUV. The contribution of this paper is in term of introducing a filter to smooth reference signal and proposing a brute forcing technique to find optimal controller parameters. The methodology starts with modeling the AUV, estimating the unknown parameters from a real AUV model, designing a control system based on PI and SMC methods, and finally optimizing the controller parameters. The controller design was onto controlling surge speed using PI, heading using SMC, and diving using SMC. Simulation-wise.....

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The flash floods, landslides and mudflow in Cameron Highlands are catastrophes which threaten local life and economic activities which depend on tourism activities. Several series of flash floods, landslides and mudflows which occurred in 2014, 2016 and 2018 in Cameron Highlands illustrate that they are the biggest threat to the highland tourism spot in the coming future. This tourist spot may face the risk of being unvisited for a while because of the untreated conditions after the flash floods, landslides and mudflows. This article aims to describe a brief historical summary of flash floods, landslides and mudflows in Cameron Highlands and how this disaster can threaten the readiness of activities in other highland tourism sites. The discussion focuses on the process of building resilience to flash floods in the Cameron Highlands over the last few years. This article ends with a discussion on the challenges to be undertaken in the process of enhancing Cameron Highlands as a highland .....

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