The global pandemic of Covid-19 has affected the teaching and learning of the STCW courses (Standards of Training, Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers) which witnessed the drastic move from normal face-to-face facilitation to full online and distance learning (ODL). This new paradigm shift has resulted in significant changes as well as immense challenges to students who experienced this crisis for the first time. Hence, the study aims to discover students’ motivation level in adapting to the new environment of online learning as experienced by semester 2 students in Maritime English classes via quantitative study adopted Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation survey administered on 78 respondents. The data collected were analysed and the results showed high level of students’ motivation despite having to undergo challenges in online distance learning during the MCO. Moreover, the four elements of the ARCS Model tested in the experiment indicated very high scores in studentsâ.....

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Road accidents are increasing every year in Malaysia, and it is always challenging to collect reliable pre-crash data in the transportation community. Existing studies relied on simulators, police crash reports, questionnaires, and surveys to study Malaysia’s drivers’ behavior. Researchers previously criticized such methods for being biased and unreliable. To fill in the literature gap, this study presents the first naturalistic driving study in Malaysia. Thirty drivers were recruited to drive an instrumented vehicle for 750 km while collecting continuous driving data. The data acquisition system consists of various sensors such as OBDII, lidar, ultrasonic sensors, IMU, and GPS. Irrelevant data were filtered, and experts helped identify safety criteria regarding multiple driving metrics such as maximum acceptable speed limits, safe accelerations, safe decelerations, acceptable distances to vehicles ahead, and safe steering behavior. These thresholds were used to investigate the inf.....

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Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti pengaruh kecerdasan pelbagai terhadap pencapaian akademik pelajar bagi subjek Pengajian Perniagaan di daerah Larut Matang dan Selama (LMS), Perak. Kajian kuantitatif ini melibatkan 291 orang responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar menengah dari lapan buah sekolah di daerah LMS yang dipilih secara rawak. Instrumen Multiple Intelligences Test yang dibangunkan oleh Gardner berasaskan teori kecerdasan pelbagai oleh Gardner (1983) digunakan dalam kajian untuk menentukan pengaruh lapan domain kecerdasan pelbagai terhadap pelajar tingkatan enam dalam pencapaian akademik subjek Pengajian Perniagaan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferens iaitu Ujian T, ANOVA sehala, ujian korelasi Pearson dan ujian regresi pelbagai. Ujian T untuk menentukan perbezaan berdasarkan pengalaman pembelajaran subjek perdagangan menunjukkan hanya domain kecerdasan Linguistik F(1, 291)=9.586, p=0.006, logikal matematik F(2,291)=3.045, p=0.....

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The use of realia as an additional teaching material incorporated in the language classroom has long been documented. It is used in classroom instruction to enhance students’ real-life experiences. However, there often exists a gap between the content taught in the classroom and its association with the real-life given the dynamic and complexity of each discipline that could restrict demonstration of real-life examples in the class. Although realia are easily obtainable, not all classrooms are supposed to employ additional materials as such due to the stipulated syllabus or content appropriateness. Various types of educational and illustrative realia like virtual realia, magazines, pictures, and songs are employed in the classroom practices and they are proven effective and yielded encouraging implications. Given the importance and longstanding usage of realia in classroom practices, this review aimed to review the types, implications, and limitations of realia in the recent educatio.....

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The paper aims to develop a new cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) by using double feedback technique architecture for wireless communication especially for long term evolution (LTE). The objective of this article is to display the improved performance of gain by minimizing noise figures with innovative techniques for the realization of Long Term Evolution (LTE). The innovation technique with implementation double feedback technique architecture outlines the possibility to improve the performance in various parameters such as bandwidth, stability, gain, noise figure, power consumption and complexity. The realization using cascode LNA is verified by using FHX76LP Super Low Noise HEMT that operate at 5.8 GHz in compliant with LTE standard. The Advance Design System (ADS) software is used to obtain characteristics for collecting data in a smith chart and s-parameter generated by simulation. The cascode LNA with the double feedback technique achieves an average gain of 20.887 dB with a nois.....

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Vegetation inspection and monitoring is a time-consuming task. In the era of industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), commercially known as drones, are in demand, being adopted for vegetation inspection and monitoring activities. However, most off-the-shelf drones are least favoured by vegetation maintenance departments for on-site inspection due to limited spectral bands camera restricting advanced vegetation analysis. Most of these drones are normally equipped with a normal red, green, and blue (RGB) camera. Additional spectral bands are found to produce more accurate analysis during vegetation inspection, but at the cost of advanced camera functionalities, such as multispectral camera. Vegetation indices (VI) is a technique to maximize detection sensitivity related to vegetation characteristics while minimizing other factors which are not categorised otherwise. The emergence of machine learning has slowly influenced the existing vegetation analysis techniq.....

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The bilingual pedagogy of the Islamic studies subject is commonly practiced in most private and international schools worldwide. This subject is most often taught and learned in Arabic and one other language. In Islam, Arabic is the language of the normative sources, the Qur'an, and the Sunnah (prophetic tradition), and a large part of the classical tradition of Islamic education. A challenging problem for many students is limited proficiency in Arabic and the other language used to teach the subject. The common other language used is often English. Some international schools advocate the bilingual teaching of Islamic studies using Arabic and English to address this problem. This study investigates the attitudes and beliefs of the stakeholders (the school principal, Islamic studies subject teachers, students of Islamic studies subject, and their parents) towards the bilingual pedagogy of Islamic studies. A case study approach has been adopted whereby a private international Islamic sch.....

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This study investigated the effect of acidified water at different pH values and extraction time on the phenolic profile (anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols), antioxidant activity and colour characteristics of dried blackcurrant pomaces (DBP) extracts. Extractions were carried out using acetic acid in water (pH 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) for 2 and 6 h at 30 °C. Phenolics concentration in DBP extracts were influenced by the pH of acidified water (p < 0.05), while extraction pH, extraction time and their combination had significant impact on total phenolics, antioxidant activity and colour of DBP extracts (p < 0.05). Regardless of the extraction time, very low pH (1.5) was positively associated with high amounts of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in DPB extracts. Also, extracts obtained at pH 1.5 had the highest amount of total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Overall, acetic acid in water as extraction medium may influence greatly the phenolic profile an.....

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Background and Purpose: Learning materials are powerful resources in facilitating students’ intercultural communication competence; therefore, this study aims to investigate the cultural contents presented in the textbook for Year 11 students in Indonesian secondary schools.  Methodology: This study employed a content analysis approach based on the framework by Cortazzi and Jin (1999). The texts, dialogues and images in the textbook were analyzed to understand which culture they represent.  Findings: The textbook contains elements of the target culture, native culture and other international cultures in varying degrees. The dominant culture presented in the textbook is the target culture (57.6%). Elements of native culture represent about one-third of the content (30.3%). However, the content related to other international cultures is very limited (12.1%). When there is a lack of exposure to international cultures, students’ cognitive and affective skills may subsequently reduce .....

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Purpose: This study aimed to develop the construct validity for the Malay version of the Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ) by adapting the original questionnaire to suit the local context. Design/methodology/approach: The PPAQ was adopted and translated into the Malay language and modified to reach good content agreement among a panel of experts. A total of 65 participants aged 22–55 years old, fluent and literate in the Malay language were selected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate construct validity. Reliability of this adapted instrument was analyzed according to types of variables. Findings: The panel of experts reached a consensus that the final four items chosen in the adapted Malay version of PPAQ were valid and supported by a good content validity index (CVI). In total, two domains consonant with the operational domain definition were identified by PCA. Based on scores from intensity and duration of exercise, the study further divid.....

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