As a composer, it has always been my intention to produce music which can be listened to, analysed and appreciated for its own sake, without reference to any extra-musical material. However, I have always been acutely aware of the extent to which my compositional process has evolved as a direct result of my engagement with extramusical forms, both as a scholar and a composer. It is my interpretation of these extra-musical forms which both inspires, and finds symbolic expression in, the musical structures and processes contained in my compositions. On one level, these structures and processes function solely as musical entities, and, as such they can be analysed in purely musical terms _ without reference to anything external to my compositions. However, when these entities are examined in relation to the extra-musical forms which influenced their creation, a new dimension of my music is revealed: its symbolic dimension. In this article, I outline the theoretical stances adopted through.....

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This research investigates variables that influence marching band competition scores in Indonesia. By employing Rickel_s (2008) variables, there are several indicators applied in the analysis, such as the number of members in the band, total program budget, number of national competitions participated in, rehearsal hours, and years of experience of the coaches. The sample involved includes 66 marching bands competing in an Indonesian national competition, the Grand Prix Marching Band. Most of the samples participants have made regular appearances in this event during 2006-2009. A questionnaire was given to band directors and/or home coaches. Multiple regression is was used to test the variables. This research has found that not all variables in the model have had a strong influence to on the competition score. Amongst the variables, the coach_s years of experiences hadve the strongest influence to on competition results, followed by the other variables, namely such as the numbers of me.....

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Negeri Perak merupakan sebuah negeri yang kaya dengan khazanah seni dan mempunyai pelbagai bentuk kesenian seperti tarian, silat dan sebagainya yang masih diwarisi sehingga kini khususnya di kalangan orang-orang Melayu. Oleh itu satu kajian perlu diadakan berkaitan muzik tradisi tari rakyat negeri Perak. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji jenis, bentuk dan fungsi dalam muzik tradisi tari negeri Perak. Berasaskan kepada tujuan ini pengkaji telah melaksanakan kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dari sudut etnomuzikogi. Kaedah pemerhatian berserta telah diguna pakai semasa pengumpulan data di lapangan. Lokasi kajian yang menjadi tumpuan utama adalah di Tanjong Bidara, Mukim Pulau Tiga, Kampong Gajah, Teluk Intan, Perak. Pengumpulan data di lapangan menggunakan instrument temu bual, rakaman video, rakaman audio multi-tracking dan imeg pegun. Hasil penyelidikan mendapati tiga jenis tarian yang masih dipersembahkan di negeri Perak iaitu Tarian Dabus, Tarian Bubu dan Tarian Lo.....

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The music acquisition and aesthetics of children in two Orang Asli villages, the Mah Meri of_ Kampung Sungai Bumbun, Carey Island, Selangor, and the Semai of Kampung Ulu Geroh, Gopeng has_ shifted from an oral tradition transmitted from ancestral lineages to institutionalized learning_ acquired from a teacher outside the Orang Asli cultural tradition. The interaction of Orang Asli_ children with friends from multicultural backgrounds, exposure to the mass media, and the_ evangelization of religious groups has also increasing dislocated Orang Asli children's music from_ a place-based and ethnic heritage to one of "deterritorialized" space and time. These phenomena_ emerged due to the nation's hegemonic policies of assimilation, development and globalization since_ Independence in 1957. This article discusses the variables that in.fluence and determine the music_ acquisition of Mah Meri and Semai children today. These variables include; issues of identity,_ worldviews and religion, touri.....

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The late twentieth century has witnessed a growing emphasis on multicultural music education._ However, as non-Western musics are often incompatible with classical music notation, some fear that_ this will adversely affect the time spent on teaching basic music concepts. At the same time,_ Malaysian music educators are woefully short of teaching materials. This paper introduces several_ folk genres from East Malaysia which offer a unique solution to these two problems. Based on_ research among the Kenyah over the last 15 years and Kadazandusun community from 2007-2009, a_ wealth of repertoire has been found to be applicable to the local music education scene. Malaysian_ music teachers have little access to publications of genuine local folksongs, especially those_ using the pentatonic scale. The music education syllabus also emphasizes local music instruments,_ such as the caklempong and gamelan, which are however, far beyond the budget of many schools,_ similarly, as the sophisticated.....

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The purpose of this study was to explore reasons behind graduates_ decisions to pursue teaching as a career and challenges experienced in a one year post graduate teacher education course (KPLI) in music education at a teacher training institution in Kuala Lumpur. Specific objectives of this study were to determine the pull and push factors that determine why young Malaysian graduates opt to change their career path to teaching at primary schools and how these young Malaysian graduates from various cultural backgrounds and qualifications view their training and face challenges in a one-year music education course. A total of 20 trainee teachers participated in this study. This study comprises two components. The first component consisted of two focus group discussions to bridge social and cultural differences amongst the participants. As a result of this first phase, trainee teachers with specific characteristics were targeted for a follow-up one-to-one interview phase. Interviews prov.....

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This study was carried out to determine the relationship between creativity and musical achievement among music major trainee teachers in a teacher education institution in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents for this survey study comprised 21 final year trainee teachers undergoing the four year Bachelor of Teaching Degree Programme majoring in Music Education. There were 7 males and 14 females. These respondents were the first intake of trainee teachers in this degree program. The mean age of these trainee teachers was 23.14 (SD=0.35). Creativity data was collected through Figural (Form A) of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Musical achievements of trainee teachers were measured using the Musical Achievement Test adapted from Colwell_s Music Achievement Test (1968). The Music Achievement Test consisted of pitch discrimination, interval discrimination, meter discrimination, major-minor mode discrimination, auditory-visual discrimination, and cadence recognition. Results of the stud.....

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Music teachers are often faced with the task of not only teaching the regular music classes in school, but also a myriad of other tasks and responsibilities which often results in stress. Studies have found that music teachers tend to experience pressure and stress from a variety of sources, many of which are commonly related to the demands and expectations of a workload that is often incomparable with teachers teaching other subjects. In Malaysia, since music was implemented in the National Curriculum in the primary and secondary schools, the expectations towards music activities in school has created extra demands on music teachers to perform and produce proof of the success of their music teaching. This study focused on job satisfaction and related stress among music teachers in selected secondary schools in Malaysia and the factors that contributed to the stress. Results from this study suggest that music teachers are satisfied with their job. However, they do realize that their wo.....

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Kehadiran pedagang Arab pada kurun ke -15 telah membawa bersama-sama kesenian ke alam Melayu. Di_ antara seni persembahan yang telah meresap ke dalam budaya Melayu terutama di negeri Johor adalah_ seperti zapin, ghazal, samrah, qasidah dan beberapa kesenian lain yang menggunakan gambus dalam_ persembahan mereka. Kajian ini merupakan kajian terhadap muzik gambus di negeri Johor yang_ berobjektif untuk membuat tinjauan awal tentang alat muzik, cara memegang, gaya memetik, sistem_ talaan, maqam yang digunakan serta analisis terhadap lagu-lagu gambus di Johor. Hasil penyelidikan_ ini dijangka dapat memberikan informasi tentang muzik gambus di Johor. Hasil penyelidikan ini juga_ dapat dijadikan sumber idea, informasi dasar dan pemahaman asas tentang gambus Johor dari sudut_ permainan dan lagu-lagu yang banyak memainkan peranan dalam membangunkan lagu-lagu Melayu di_ Malaysia.   Kata Kunci gambus , gaya permainan, Johor, muzik Malaysia, maqam ..

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Kerangka Kurikulum Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia mencadangkan transformatif dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran peringkat pengajian tinggi secara menyeluruh seiring dengan perkembangan Pendidikan 4.0. Elemen utama yang diperkenalkan dalam kerangka ini adalah pendekatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran menggunakan heutagogi, paragogi dan sibergogi (HPS). Namun begitu, tiada kriteria khusus untuk mengaplikasikan pendekatan ini khususnya dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematik. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengesahkan tema dan item dalam HPS. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah tinjauan dengan menggunakan soal selidik Kriteria Heutagogi, Paragogi dan Sibergogi (SHPS) bagi setiap tema dan item yang diperoleh. Tinjauan dilakukan kepada 317 pendidik matematik dan pendidikan matematik di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat empat tema bagi kriteria heutagogi iaitu pembelajaran kolaboratif, kebolehrundingan pentaksiran, penentuan kendiri/kontrak pembelajaran dan amalan refleksi dengan juml.....

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